Homo habilis

 New research suggests that early human ancestors like Homo habilis were not predators but rather preyed on by leopards. The study, using artificial intelligence, has led scientists to this conclusion. The new study is rewriting the history of ancient human ancestors. Homo habilis is portrayed as the first human species to move from prey to predator and climb to the top of the food chain. But a new study challenges this belief. Homo habilis was actually eaten by leopards. The new study places Homo habilis more as prey than as predators. 

Researchers at the University of Alcalá in Spain used artificial intelligence and computer vision to analyze tiny tooth marks from two Homo habilis fossils.  The fossil remains were found in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, which is about 2 million years old. 

The researchers trained the AI ​​model on a library of 1,496 images of tooth marks from modern carnivores, including leopards, lions, crocodiles, wolves, and hyenas. After training on it, they presented the AI ​​with photos of the fossil tooth marks. 

The AI ​​compared these tooth marks and found that the AI ​​had a 90% chance of making them leopards. One reason for this is the triangular shape of the tooth pits on the bones, which matches those found in leopard reference samples. 

 The researchers wrote in their paper that """The implications of this are significant, as it suggests that Homo habilis was still a predator rather than a hunter."""It also suggests that the trophic position of some of the earliest representatives of the genus Homo was not different from that of other Australopithecines.""

The fact that leopards were bitten by carnivorous predators suggests that they were actively preyed upon. The rise to the top of the food chain may have occurred sometime later in human evolution. 

The study was published in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. ( Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ).

Mawlinong- The cleanest place in Asia

Mawlinong is an Indian village that has been awarded the title of the cleanest place in Asia. The village is reminiscent of European villages or the most scenic places in the world. This village in the Indian state of Meghalaya is a response to those who mock Indians in terms of environmental cleanliness and is a model for other Indian states. A completely plastic-free village. A place with a 100% educational standard. 

The people living in this village keep not only their own homes and surroundings clean, but also the outskirts, the streets, the roads and every space in the village.

A survey conducted by the Discovery Channel selected Mawlinong as the cleanest village in Asia in 2003.

Mawlinong also made headlines in 2005 when it was selected as the cleanest village in India.  The villagers of the area are not ready to compromise on cleanliness and environmental hygiene. They have arranged eco-friendly waste bins in every part of the village.

Bamboo bins are placed everywhere to avoid harming the nature. Wooden and bamboo utensils are used in the houses.

Plastic is completely banned in this country.

This village is also at the forefront in terms of literacy. 

The literacy rate here is 100 percent.

Mawlinong is also very ahead in women's empowerment.

Another interesting sight here is the bridges that are made of tree roots. 

These villagers use the roots of a tree known as Figus elastica as bridges for travel.

The freshwater lakes that can be seen all the way to the bottom are very attractive and are a favorite destination for tourists.  Blessed with natural beauty and a people who care for the area without compromise, tour companies have realized the tourism potential of Mawlynnong and have prepared various types of packages for tourists. Every year, the number of people coming to enjoy this rural beauty is increasing significantly.

Evolution of the Coca-Cola Bottle

 The Evolution of the Coca-Cola Bottle

Since Coca-Cola began bottling in 1899, its design has come a long way:

The first bottles were plain, straight, and resembled medicine bottles that were easy for competitors to copy.

A 1915 design competition inspired the shape of a cocoa bean, resulting in the now iconic "contour" bottle. Its curves made it instantly recognizable, even in the dark, even by touch.

By 1916, the curved bottle had been adopted across the U.S., and with only minor updates over time, its silhouette remains one of the most recognizable in the world today.

An everyday object became a design icon.

Seedream 4.0

 ByteDance's Seedream 4.0 claims to be 10 times more powerful than Google's Nano Banana. Has anyone used it?

ByteDance's Seedream 4.0 is a powerful AI image generator, that is, a tool that helps create images. It helps create images with text and edit existing images. The most notable thing is that it can create high-quality images very quickly.

🔴Key Features

🎈Super-fast generation: Seedream 4.0 can create 2K resolution images in just 1.8 seconds. This is much faster than other AI tools.

🎈Multimodal capabilities: It handles many tasks such as text-to-image and image editing in a single architecture.

🎈Precise editing: It can make precise changes to images with just a single text. For example, it can change an object in an image, change the background, or change the text.

 🎈Consistent images: Seedream 4.0 has the ability to maintain the same character and style even when creating multiple images in a row. This is very helpful in creating images that tell a story.

🎈Restoring old images: It can also repair damaged or outdated images to a high quality.

🎈Various styles: This tool can create images in many artistic styles, including watercolor and cyberpunk.

Compared to other tools, some studies say that Seedream 4.0 creates images faster and more accurately than other AI image generators such as Google's Nano Banana.

Kola Superdeep Borehole

 🌍I don't know if America will be reached if the earth is drilled. But the man-made Kola Superdeep Borehole (SG-3) is the deepest man-made crater located in the Pechenga district of the Kola Peninsula, Russia, near the Norwegian border. This exploration was to study the structure of the Earth's crust and the materials beneath it.☠

🔬 Research objectives

The main objectives of this project are:

🌍 To directly study the crust, the surface layer of the Earth, and the mantle below it.

🌍 To provide more information for seismic studies. To clarify the variations in the speed of seismic waves (seismic discontinuities).

🌋To understand the temperature, pressure, and their changes in the properties of rocks with increasing depth.

⚙To develop advanced drilling materials and technologies necessary to drill to such depths.

 Key findings

While drilling the borehole, scientists discovered many unexpected things. This changed many geological theories that had existed until then.

💥But the temperatures found in the depths were much higher than scientists expected. At a depth of 12 kilometers, the temperature rose to 180°C (356°F). This caused the drilling equipment to melt and damage.

It was initially thought that there would be no water at such a depth. However, a lot of hot water was found in the rocks below 6 kilometers. Scientists believe that this water may have come from minerals in the rocks.

🌍When analyzing earthquake waves, scientists believed that basalt layers would be seen below granite rocks at a depth of 7 kilometers (Conrad discontinuity). However, this layer could not be found in the Kola Crater. Instead, there was a metamorphic form of granite rocks (metamorphic granite).

 🦠 Microfossils (fossils of microorganisms) dating back 2 billion years have been found in rocks about 6.7 km deep. This is considered evidence that microorganisms can survive even at extremely high temperatures and pressures.

❄ Large amounts of hydrogen gas have also been found in the depths of the crater.

End of the project

The project was abandoned in 1992 due to the inability to operate drilling equipment due to unexpectedly high temperatures and financial difficulties. The record depth of 12,262 meters still belongs to the Kola Superdeep Borehole.

📸 No pictures of the interior of the borehole exist, as it is a narrow shaft with a diameter of 23 cm, closed by a metal lid. The available pictures are of the surface site, drilling rigs, and core samples. China is planning to conduct a similar expedition in the near future!

Longyu Caves

 The Longyu Caves in Zhejiang Province are a mystery that has not even made it into China's history books. A collection of more than 36 massive man-made caves, astonishing carvings, and meticulously crafted pillars - all of which leave one wondering who built them and why. These caves are not just tunnels carved into the rocks, but a marvel of engineering and art from the ancient world. The Longyu Caves have a story to tell about this mystery. This amazing world was discovered by chance in 1992 by an ordinary farmer named Wu Anhe. When the fish in his village began to disappear, he decided to find out what was at the bottom of the pond. When he and his friends drained all the water from the pond, they were amazed. The entrance to a cave where a person could descend under the pond.  The sight, which seemed incredible to them, opened the door to a secret that had been hidden for centuries. No one knows who built these caves. Some researchers conclude that they were built during the Western Han period between 206 BC and 24 AD. This may have been the result of years of hard work by thousands of workers. Estimates suggest that it took about 20 years to complete the construction, but there is no clear historical record of this. The most amazing thing is the way the caves were built. A special kind of sculpture can be seen on the walls and ceilings of each cave. A kind of slanted lines are carved on the walls and ceilings. It is difficult to identify whether these are a kind of sculpture or the marks of tools. However, these carvings are the same in each cave and are extremely precise. Researchers estimate that more than a million cubic meters of rock may have had to be removed to build these caves.  How humans managed to do this in the absence of modern tools or technology remains a big question mark. Where these rocks were moved remains a mystery. The purpose of the caves is still a mystery. Was this a place used for rock quarrying? Or was it a large military base? Or were they tombs of an ancient dynasty? There is no evidence that the caves were ever inhabited or lived in. This remains a mystery. Despite being a very important structure in Chinese history, there are no records of these caves. Even in ancient historical texts such as the Shiji in China, there is no mention of them. It is unclear why thousands of people were involved in such a huge project for many years, and it was not recorded in history. Although the discoveries of archaeologists do not fully reveal the secrets of these caves, they do provide some clues. The caves are built with great precision. The distance between the pillars, the depth and width of the caves are all approximately the same.  This suggests that there was a specific plan for their construction. In addition, the internal temperature of the caves is also very stable, which proves that the caves act as a kind of thermal insulator. These features are evidence of the engineering skills of ancient times. Although the stones and mud used for construction have been researched, no definite conclusion has been reached about its age. The Longyu Caves are a giant book of historical secrets. This great wonder, which even modern technology cannot explain, still stands as a reminder of the superhuman ability of man. These caves provide a new mystery for every question. Perhaps, we will have to wait for many more years to unravel these secrets.

Ghost Ship

 A 'Ghost Ship' that sank in Lake Michigan 140 years ago has been found. The ship, which sank after a storm, has been searched for decades, but has not been found.

Finally, after 140 years, a 'ghost ship' has been found.

The ship sank after a storm that blew up about a century and a half ago. It was a large, ner-class, pack ship named the FJ King.

Wisconsin Historical Society diver Zack Wittrock released images of the wreck of the FJ King.

The FJ King sank in September 1886 while transporting iron ore from Michigan to Chicago. The discovery of the ship was confirmed by the Wisconsin Historical Society and the Wisconsin Underwater Archaeology Association.  The Associated Press reported that a team led by researcher Brendan Baylod discovered the wreck in June.

For decades, several searches have been conducted in Lake Michigan to find the ship's remains. But the ship has never been found. The ship's location was delayed by the few existing reports of its sinking. One report said it sank about 5 miles from Bailey Harbor.

But a lighthouse keeper claimed that some fishermen had found the ship near his lighthouse. At first, the wreckage supported this claim. But the ship itself was still missing. This led to shipwreck hunters calling the FJ King a "ghost ship."

 F.J. King

The 144-foot-long, three-masted cargo ship, built in 1867, was caught in waves 8-10 feet high. The ship's wooden exterior was damaged in a strong storm.

After hours of trying to bail out the water, the crew escaped by boarding lifeboats. At 2 a.m., the ship suddenly sank. However, another schooner that passed by rescued all the crew.

FINALLY FINISHED

A team of researchers led by Brendan Baylod prepared some sketches based on the words of the lighthouse keeper. Using them, they scanned the area with the help of side-scan sonar. During the investigation, he found a 140-foot-long ship less than a kilometer from the lighthouse. The F.J. King was found during the subsequent investigation.  But what shocked diving experts was something else. The ship was still intact, despite being loaded with heavy cargo. Experts in the field say that there may be 6,000 to 10,000 more shipwrecks to be found in the Great Lakes.

Australian Wrap-Around Spider

 🕸Australian Wrap-Around Spider 🕷🕸Wrap-around Spider (Genus: Dolophones)

​This amazing spider 🤩 has a special ability to hide during the day. It can spread its body and attach itself to tree branches, blending in with the bark 🎨 to completely blend in. This is its superpower 🦸‍♂ to avoid predatory birds 🦅. Being nocturnal 🌙, it hides like this all day.

​They are dull gray or brown in color, and have a flat, curved abdomen. 🌳 This spider, which looks like dry branches or stones, can be found on logs and branches in eucalyptus forests. It is one of the wonders of nature.

supercapacitors

 🔋Graphene material paves the way for next-generation supercapacitors

A new carbon material developed by Australian engineers could make the next generation of supercapacitors (ionistors). These could store energy equivalent to lead-acid batteries and release it much faster than current technologies. The discovery could lead to major changes in electric vehicles, electric grids and consumer electronics.

Ionistors, or supercapacitors, store energy electrostatically, unlike batteries that operate through chemical reactions. Although they have a long life, fast charging and discharging, and high reliability, they lag behind in terms of energy density.

Supercapacitors use porous materials as electrodes, and the amount of energy stored depends on their surface area.  A team of experts from Monash University has found a way to significantly increase the surface area by changing the way materials are thermally processed, IE reports.

The secret to this discovery lies in the structure of the material, which is based on graphene oxide (multiscale reduced graphene oxide, M-rGO). It is made from natural graphite. Using rapid thermal annealing, the researchers created curved graphene structures with precise paths for the rapid movement of ions.

The result is a supercapacitor with energy density and power density, a feature rarely seen in a device. The researchers also highlighted the material's compatibility with industrial manufacturing technologies.

 "In ionic liquid electrolytes, the energy density per liter reaches 99.5 Wh/L and the power density reaches 69.2 kW/L. These devices are capable of fast charging and maintain excellent cyclical stability," noted Petar Jovanovic, one of the researchers. These performance indicators are among the highest among carbon-based capacitors.

The researchers have already begun work on commercializing this discovery.

Meanwhile, US researchers have found a method for developing PEDOT nanoscopic polymer fibers suitable for making electronic capacitors (ionistors) with high electrical conductivity.

The Boy Who Lived in a Bubble

 "The Boy Who Lived in a Bubble"

A baby boy was born in Texas, USA in 1971. He was named David Philip Vetter...

Ten seconds after birth, David was placed in a specially sterilized bubble-like chamber... because he was born with a rare disease called Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)...

Due to Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), a disease that prevents the body's immune system from functioning,

He had no immunity like normal people, and even the slightest infection from the outside could cause his death.

David Philip became famous for living in a completely sterile environment during his short life.

At that time, this was the only option for children born with SCID until a bone marrow transplant was performed.

All that was needed to enter the bubble was first placed in a chamber with ethylene oxide for four  hours. It had to be sterilized and ventilated for seven days. David was only touched through plastic gloves that were placed on the walls of the bubble.

He saw the world from inside those bubbles.

Food, water, and toys were only given to him after they were all sterilized.

What made it even more difficult was that not even his mother, father, or sister could touch him directly or hold him.

Even when he cried, no one could hold him and love him, comfort him, or comfort him.

Although he had many people to love, he had to live alone in an isolated world. Fate made him a prisoner in the bubble.

Although David's childhood was filled with games and love, all he had was a lonely life inside a bubble.

 David was a very intelligent and curious child

He had as normal a life as possible, including formal education and access to television, 

But at one point Philip complained: "Why school? Why did you teach me to read? What's the point? I can never do anything anyway. So why?"

When he was four years old, he discovered that he could make holes in his skull, his parents explained Philip's condition... When David was older, his own sister was going to donate bone marrow, a decision she had never had before. 

As he grew up, he had great desires, like other children, to fly in the sky and play outside with his friends. 

That little boy wanted a lot and cried a lot for it, but what good would it do to him except to sit alone and cry.

The boy's life was a pain for the local people, as were his father, mother, and sister. 

 David's behavior became increasingly erratic due to the lack of proper human contact. As he entered adolescence, he became angry and depressed, and constantly worried about germs.

NASA, aware of Philip's problems, made him a temporary solution, a special "space suit" that allowed him to go outside and walk around. It was one of the happiest moments of his life.

The government discussed cutting funding for research to find a cure, but there was no public support for it.

His life continued like this for 12 years.

In 1983, the doctors, who had initially encouraged David's parents, recommended that he have a bone marrow transplant. Initially, the transplant seemed to go well, and there was hope that David would be able to break out of the bubble,

so they decided to do a bone marrow transplant.

His sister's bone marrow was a good match for David. Everyone hoped that everything would be fine. 

But, unfortunately, his body developed an infection after the surgery. A few months later, David became ill for the first time in his life; he suffered from diarrhea, fever, severe vomiting, and intestinal bleeding. David had to be taken out of the bubble for treatment. Once taken out of the bubble, he deteriorated and fell into a coma. Finally, David's mother was able to touch his skin for the first and last time in his life. On February 22, 1984, at the age of 12, 

the little life said goodbye to this world.

September 21, 1971 – February 22, 1984]

[Cause of death Lymphoma; complications from SCID, after an unsuccessful bone marrow transplant]

David's death was a great lesson to the world. It opened a new way for studies of human immunity and diseases.  Despite the great pain he suffered, his life made great contributions to medicine. Our hearts stop for a moment in front of the pain that that little mind went through, without seeing the outside world, without knowing anyone's touch. Although David Philip Vetter, the 'Bubble Boy', is the hero of a tragic story, his life remains in our memories as a symbol of love and tolerance.

In 1976, a film based on David's life, The Boy in the Plastic Bubble [1976), was released.

CRISPR test

 CRISPR test can detect tuberculosis in 15 minutes using throat swabs.

American scientists have developed a new test to detect the world's most dangerous infectious disease. According to current estimates, 40% of new tuberculosis cases go undetected. However, this new discovery is expected to help detect tuberculosis much earlier.

Tests to detect tuberculosis must be simple, painless, and available to everyone. Only then can we reach more people in countries with high tuberculosis rates. Although about 10 million people are infected with tuberculosis each year, about 4 million do not know that they have the disease. Researchers at Tulane University have developed a new test using a gene editing technology called CRISPR to simplify the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

The CRISPR test increases the possibility of detecting genetic traces of the DNA of tuberculosis bacteria.  The test helps detect signs in samples such as stool, cerebrospinal fluid, and tongue secretions, which contain very low levels of the pathogen.

These samples are particularly attractive because the commonly used sputum test is ineffective in 90% of asymptomatic patients. With the help of CRISPR, these samples can be used to detect tuberculosis more accurately.

The test was mainly performed by collecting secretions from the tongue. It is painless and easy to collect. It does not require highly qualified medical staff, the researchers explained.

Compared to other tests using secretions from the tongue, the accuracy of this new test is 74%, while the accuracy of other tests was only 56%. When testing stool in children, it was found to be 83% accurate, and when testing cerebrospinal fluid, it was 93%. Scientists said that the tuberculosis test using secretions from the tongue can give a positive result within 15 minutes.

 Further tests are underway to improve accuracy. The researchers hope that this new approach will simplify TB diagnosis and help detect the disease in its early stages through routine screenings.

Earlier, some other scientists had developed a new method for TB diagnosis by combining ultrasound and artificial intelligence (AI). The accuracy of the diagnosis using this method was found to be higher than that of the diagnosis made by doctors.

Fat-tailed Sheep

 🍑Fat-tailed Sheep 🐑🐏🍑

​Fat-tailed sheep are one of the oldest sheep in the world. As their name suggests, these sheep have a large amount of fat stored in their tails. 🐪 This tail can sometimes make up up to 15% of the sheep's total weight. Just as camels, which are usually found in dry areas such as the desert, have a "hump" to store fat on their bodies, fat-tailed sheep use this special tail to store water and energy. 💧⚡ Therefore, they can survive when food is scarce. 🍽

​These sheep have an extraordinary ability to survive in extreme climates. ❄☀ They can live even in places with extreme heat or cold. Because of this, they are a very important animal for farmers in dry areas such as Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. 🏜👨‍🌾 They have lived with humans for thousands of years.  🏛

​ Fat-tailed sheep are raised primarily for their meat, fat, and milk. 🥛 The fat collected in their tails can add a special flavor to curries and other dishes. 🍲🌶 They are a staple in many Central Asian and North African dishes. 🥘 Their milk is also very rich in fat, making them ideal for making cheese, yogurt, and butter. 🧀🍨🧈

​These sheep have excellent disease resistance. 💪🩺 And since they do not require special care, they are very easy for farmers to raise. 🚜 Therefore, they are an economically viable animal. 💰 Their population is still very large, and they have a special place in many cultures around the world.

Pooya Raimondi

 🌿 Pooya Raimondi: Queen of the Andes 🌿

​The Pooya Raimondi is not only the largest bromeliad in the world, but also one of the rarest plants on Earth. Known by its nickname "Queen of the Andes", it grows naturally in the Andes mountains of Peru 🇵🇪 and Bolivia 🇧🇴 at altitudes of 🏔 3,000 to 4,800 meters. This giant plant can reach a height of 🌸 about 15 meters when it flowers. It usually grows to a height of 8 to 10 meters. The stem, which is 4 meters high and 60 centimeters wide, is surrounded by sharp leaves up to one meter long. 🌱

🌸 A single-flowering life 🌸

​The biggest feature of Pooya Raimondi is its monocarpic life cycle, meaning it flowers only once in its lifetime.  After 80 to 150 years of growth, ⏳ a flowering season lasting 3 to 4 months takes place. 🎉 During this time, thousands of creamy-white flowers bloom. When the flowering period ends, millions of seeds 🌬 are blown away by the wind, and the plant dies, completing its life's mission. 🌿

⚠ An endangered wonder ⚠

​Such a wonder plant is facing major threats today. It has been included in the IUCN Red List due to habitat destruction and 🌍 human interference... ✨

Dominican Amber

 🕰 Dominican Amber: Nature's Time Capsule

A praying mantis that lived 30 million years ago, during the Oligocene epoch, has been found 🐞 perfectly preserved inside Dominican amber.  This Dominican amber, a fossilized piece of wood, is “crystal-like in appearance. This feature allows the details of the creatures trapped inside to be clearly seen 🔎

Surprisingly, this ancient mantis bears a striking resemblance to modern mantis. It is a perfect example of how some species have not changed significantly over millions of years. 💡 The mantis’ tiny body, head, and legs were clearly visible through the clear amber shell. 💰 In 2016, this extremely rare fossil was sold at auction for $6,000. This discovery is clear evidence that nature can survive the passage of time and preserve some species intact 🌿. It reveals the resilience and survival of nature.

Sombrero Galaxy (Messier 104)

 An early image of the Sombrero Galaxy (Messier 104) !

This is an early image of the Sombrero Galaxy (Messier 104), taken at the Mount Wilson Observatory.

There are reasons to believe that this is true.

Importance of Mount Wilson:

In the early 20th century, the Mount Wilson Observatory, especially its 100-inch Hooker Telescope, was at the forefront of astronomical observations. Edwin Hubble used the same telescope to make revolutionary discoveries about other galaxies and the expansion of the universe.

Period of discoveries:

In the 1920s, astronomers debated whether 'spiral nebulae' like M104 were actually within our Milky Way galaxy or separate 'island universes'. Images with clear structure were crucial in confirming that they were separate galaxies.  1929 was a pivotal year in this era of discovery.

Age of the image: The dull, black-and-white color of this image is consistent with the photographic technology of the time. Astronomers of the time had to keep glass plates exposed to the sky all night to capture enough light from distant objects.

Although images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope are clearer than this, this 1929 image represents a major advance in human understanding of the universe. It is one of the first clear images to show where humanity fits into a vast universe that includes many other galaxies.

Underwater spider- Diving Bell Spider

 The amazing world of underwater! 💧🕸

​We have heard of spiders that weave webs only in the air. But there is a spider that creates its own world underwater. 🕷✨

This amazing creature, known as the diving bell spider, builds a tent by weaving silk webs on underwater plants and collecting air bubbles. 🪢💨

This bubble full of oxygen is its home and safe haven. 🏠💧 It carries out its life even in the cold environment of water with the help of this air chamber.

​All the activities of the spider take place inside this delicate bubble. 🕷⚡ It hunts, rests, and raises its young inside this tent. This extraordinary ability is what sets this spider apart from others. 🌊💫 No other spider in the world lives completely underwater. It is able to breathe with the help of its web.  🌿💨

According to scientists, this bubble not only stores air, but also allows the spider to exchange gases with water, allowing it to survive underwater for days. 🧪🔬

This amazing art of survival in nature reminds us that every living thing can build homes, even in new worlds.

Carmat Artificial Heart

 For a biological heart. Medicine as a relief for those waiting"

France is a European country that is one step ahead in heart surgery 

France is a country that is one step ahead in the world in making valuable contributions to the field of medicine by making many innovative achievements...

One of the most recent valuable contributions to the world of medicine was the Carmat artificial heart invented by France. What they

released was big news...

A significant device that could change the future of transplants. Made with aerospace-grade sensors and biocompatible materials, it mimics the natural rhythm of the human heart and automatically adapts to the body's needs in real time.

This Carmat artificial heart, which has been successfully tested on patients, is unlike traditional transplants, this heart does not rely on a human donor. It is powered by external batteries and gives patients mobility, independence, and a real chance for long-term survival. Clinical trials have already shown that it can sustain patients for months to years, 

The medical community is confident that the arrival of this invention will bring great relief to those waiting for a biological heart, as waiting lists and a shortage of donors are no longer obstacles to life-saving treatment.

Tanggula Railway Station

 Tanggula Railway Station is the highest railway station in the world. Located at an altitude of 5068 meters above sea level, it is the highest railway station on Earth.

Tanggula Station, which opened in 2006 as part of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, is more than just a stopover. It is located in the Tanggula Mountains of Tibet, where oxygen levels are low, temperatures plummet, and snow is constantly falling. China has built this magnificent railway structure on the world's most difficult plateau, overcoming all odds. The 1956-kilometer-long line stretches from Xining, a city in the Chinese province of Qinghai, to Lhasa, the capital of Tibet.

A station without passengers

Tanggula Station is eerily quiet. It was designed as a technical stop rather than a hub for passengers.  That means there are no crowds, crowded platforms, or people waiting for trains. This deserted and isolated station stands as a silent sentinel amidst snow-capped peaks and vast, windswept grasslands. It is this isolation that fills its visitors with awe.

Although passengers cannot get off here, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway ensures that they do not miss out on this view. As the train passes Tangkula, the vast expanse of the Tibetan Plateau and its majestic mountain ranges can be seen through the panoramic windows.

To make the journey more comfortable,

the trains are equipped with oxygen systems that help passengers adapt to the high-altitude climate. The result is a comfortable and unforgettable journey through one of the harshest landscapes on Earth.

 This project, which has survived extreme cold and oxygen deprivation, is a perfect example of how innovation can pave the way through the harshest terrain. Even if no one ever sets foot on this deserted platform, Tanggula Station will remain indelible in the history of travel.

3I/ATLAS: A rare comet

C/2019 Q4 (ATLAS) is an unusual comet discovered in December 2019. It is also commonly referred to as 3I/ATLAS. What makes it special is that it appeared to be increasing in brightness very quickly at the time of its discovery. This phenomenon was very different from other comets.

On December 28, 2019, the comet was first identified by the Asteroid Terrestrial-Impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) survey project. Scientists believe that its orbit may be part of a large comet that passed close to Earth about 5,000 years ago.

At the time of its discovery, scientists expected that it would become bright enough to be seen with the naked eye from Earth.  But in April 2020, it dimmed and then broke up into several pieces. This was a great disappointment for scientists. 

Observing the breakup of Comet 3I/ATLAS has given scientists a golden opportunity to learn more about the structure and evolution of comets. It has helped to gather more information about how the center of a comet breaks up when it is weakened by solar heat. 

The comet also shares an orbit similar to that of Comet Hale-Bopp. This suggests that 3I/ATLAS may have originated from the same epicenter as Comet Hale-Bopp.

Man-faced stink bug

 Man-faced stink bug 🐞

The man-faced stink bug, scientifically known as Catacanthus incarnatus 🪲, is a species of insect in the family Pentatomidae. It is named for the human-like appearance of its outer surface. It belongs to the genus Catacanthus, which means "downward-pointing spines" 🌿.  Insects of this genus can be found in countries such as Madagascar 🌍, India 🇮🇳, Sri Lanka 🇱🇰, Myanmar 🇲🇲, Thailand 🇹🇭, China 🇨🇳, Indonesia 🇮🇩, Malaysia 🇲🇾, Philippines 🇵🇭, Papua New Guinea 🇵🇬, New Caledonia 🇳🇨, Japan 🇯🇵, and South Korea 🇰🇷. These visually attractive creatures 🐜 are common in forests and natural habitats. This insect is also an example that helps you get to know nature 🌳 and its creatures 🦎.