Homo habilis

 New research suggests that early human ancestors like Homo habilis were not predators but rather preyed on by leopards. The study, using artificial intelligence, has led scientists to this conclusion. The new study is rewriting the history of ancient human ancestors. Homo habilis is portrayed as the first human species to move from prey to predator and climb to the top of the food chain. But a new study challenges this belief. Homo habilis was actually eaten by leopards. The new study places Homo habilis more as prey than as predators. 

Researchers at the University of Alcalá in Spain used artificial intelligence and computer vision to analyze tiny tooth marks from two Homo habilis fossils.  The fossil remains were found in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, which is about 2 million years old. 

The researchers trained the AI ​​model on a library of 1,496 images of tooth marks from modern carnivores, including leopards, lions, crocodiles, wolves, and hyenas. After training on it, they presented the AI ​​with photos of the fossil tooth marks. 

The AI ​​compared these tooth marks and found that the AI ​​had a 90% chance of making them leopards. One reason for this is the triangular shape of the tooth pits on the bones, which matches those found in leopard reference samples. 

 The researchers wrote in their paper that """The implications of this are significant, as it suggests that Homo habilis was still a predator rather than a hunter."""It also suggests that the trophic position of some of the earliest representatives of the genus Homo was not different from that of other Australopithecines.""

The fact that leopards were bitten by carnivorous predators suggests that they were actively preyed upon. The rise to the top of the food chain may have occurred sometime later in human evolution. 

The study was published in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. ( Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ).

Mawlinong- The cleanest place in Asia

Mawlinong is an Indian village that has been awarded the title of the cleanest place in Asia. The village is reminiscent of European villages or the most scenic places in the world. This village in the Indian state of Meghalaya is a response to those who mock Indians in terms of environmental cleanliness and is a model for other Indian states. A completely plastic-free village. A place with a 100% educational standard. 

The people living in this village keep not only their own homes and surroundings clean, but also the outskirts, the streets, the roads and every space in the village.

A survey conducted by the Discovery Channel selected Mawlinong as the cleanest village in Asia in 2003.

Mawlinong also made headlines in 2005 when it was selected as the cleanest village in India.  The villagers of the area are not ready to compromise on cleanliness and environmental hygiene. They have arranged eco-friendly waste bins in every part of the village.

Bamboo bins are placed everywhere to avoid harming the nature. Wooden and bamboo utensils are used in the houses.

Plastic is completely banned in this country.

This village is also at the forefront in terms of literacy. 

The literacy rate here is 100 percent.

Mawlinong is also very ahead in women's empowerment.

Another interesting sight here is the bridges that are made of tree roots. 

These villagers use the roots of a tree known as Figus elastica as bridges for travel.

The freshwater lakes that can be seen all the way to the bottom are very attractive and are a favorite destination for tourists.  Blessed with natural beauty and a people who care for the area without compromise, tour companies have realized the tourism potential of Mawlynnong and have prepared various types of packages for tourists. Every year, the number of people coming to enjoy this rural beauty is increasing significantly.

Evolution of the Coca-Cola Bottle

 The Evolution of the Coca-Cola Bottle

Since Coca-Cola began bottling in 1899, its design has come a long way:

The first bottles were plain, straight, and resembled medicine bottles that were easy for competitors to copy.

A 1915 design competition inspired the shape of a cocoa bean, resulting in the now iconic "contour" bottle. Its curves made it instantly recognizable, even in the dark, even by touch.

By 1916, the curved bottle had been adopted across the U.S., and with only minor updates over time, its silhouette remains one of the most recognizable in the world today.

An everyday object became a design icon.

Seedream 4.0

 ByteDance's Seedream 4.0 claims to be 10 times more powerful than Google's Nano Banana. Has anyone used it?

ByteDance's Seedream 4.0 is a powerful AI image generator, that is, a tool that helps create images. It helps create images with text and edit existing images. The most notable thing is that it can create high-quality images very quickly.

🔴Key Features

🎈Super-fast generation: Seedream 4.0 can create 2K resolution images in just 1.8 seconds. This is much faster than other AI tools.

🎈Multimodal capabilities: It handles many tasks such as text-to-image and image editing in a single architecture.

🎈Precise editing: It can make precise changes to images with just a single text. For example, it can change an object in an image, change the background, or change the text.

 🎈Consistent images: Seedream 4.0 has the ability to maintain the same character and style even when creating multiple images in a row. This is very helpful in creating images that tell a story.

🎈Restoring old images: It can also repair damaged or outdated images to a high quality.

🎈Various styles: This tool can create images in many artistic styles, including watercolor and cyberpunk.

Compared to other tools, some studies say that Seedream 4.0 creates images faster and more accurately than other AI image generators such as Google's Nano Banana.

Kola Superdeep Borehole

 🌍I don't know if America will be reached if the earth is drilled. But the man-made Kola Superdeep Borehole (SG-3) is the deepest man-made crater located in the Pechenga district of the Kola Peninsula, Russia, near the Norwegian border. This exploration was to study the structure of the Earth's crust and the materials beneath it.☠

🔬 Research objectives

The main objectives of this project are:

🌍 To directly study the crust, the surface layer of the Earth, and the mantle below it.

🌍 To provide more information for seismic studies. To clarify the variations in the speed of seismic waves (seismic discontinuities).

🌋To understand the temperature, pressure, and their changes in the properties of rocks with increasing depth.

⚙To develop advanced drilling materials and technologies necessary to drill to such depths.

 Key findings

While drilling the borehole, scientists discovered many unexpected things. This changed many geological theories that had existed until then.

💥But the temperatures found in the depths were much higher than scientists expected. At a depth of 12 kilometers, the temperature rose to 180°C (356°F). This caused the drilling equipment to melt and damage.

It was initially thought that there would be no water at such a depth. However, a lot of hot water was found in the rocks below 6 kilometers. Scientists believe that this water may have come from minerals in the rocks.

🌍When analyzing earthquake waves, scientists believed that basalt layers would be seen below granite rocks at a depth of 7 kilometers (Conrad discontinuity). However, this layer could not be found in the Kola Crater. Instead, there was a metamorphic form of granite rocks (metamorphic granite).

 🦠 Microfossils (fossils of microorganisms) dating back 2 billion years have been found in rocks about 6.7 km deep. This is considered evidence that microorganisms can survive even at extremely high temperatures and pressures.

❄ Large amounts of hydrogen gas have also been found in the depths of the crater.

End of the project

The project was abandoned in 1992 due to the inability to operate drilling equipment due to unexpectedly high temperatures and financial difficulties. The record depth of 12,262 meters still belongs to the Kola Superdeep Borehole.

📸 No pictures of the interior of the borehole exist, as it is a narrow shaft with a diameter of 23 cm, closed by a metal lid. The available pictures are of the surface site, drilling rigs, and core samples. China is planning to conduct a similar expedition in the near future!

Longyu Caves

 The Longyu Caves in Zhejiang Province are a mystery that has not even made it into China's history books. A collection of more than 36 massive man-made caves, astonishing carvings, and meticulously crafted pillars - all of which leave one wondering who built them and why. These caves are not just tunnels carved into the rocks, but a marvel of engineering and art from the ancient world. The Longyu Caves have a story to tell about this mystery. This amazing world was discovered by chance in 1992 by an ordinary farmer named Wu Anhe. When the fish in his village began to disappear, he decided to find out what was at the bottom of the pond. When he and his friends drained all the water from the pond, they were amazed. The entrance to a cave where a person could descend under the pond.  The sight, which seemed incredible to them, opened the door to a secret that had been hidden for centuries. No one knows who built these caves. Some researchers conclude that they were built during the Western Han period between 206 BC and 24 AD. This may have been the result of years of hard work by thousands of workers. Estimates suggest that it took about 20 years to complete the construction, but there is no clear historical record of this. The most amazing thing is the way the caves were built. A special kind of sculpture can be seen on the walls and ceilings of each cave. A kind of slanted lines are carved on the walls and ceilings. It is difficult to identify whether these are a kind of sculpture or the marks of tools. However, these carvings are the same in each cave and are extremely precise. Researchers estimate that more than a million cubic meters of rock may have had to be removed to build these caves.  How humans managed to do this in the absence of modern tools or technology remains a big question mark. Where these rocks were moved remains a mystery. The purpose of the caves is still a mystery. Was this a place used for rock quarrying? Or was it a large military base? Or were they tombs of an ancient dynasty? There is no evidence that the caves were ever inhabited or lived in. This remains a mystery. Despite being a very important structure in Chinese history, there are no records of these caves. Even in ancient historical texts such as the Shiji in China, there is no mention of them. It is unclear why thousands of people were involved in such a huge project for many years, and it was not recorded in history. Although the discoveries of archaeologists do not fully reveal the secrets of these caves, they do provide some clues. The caves are built with great precision. The distance between the pillars, the depth and width of the caves are all approximately the same.  This suggests that there was a specific plan for their construction. In addition, the internal temperature of the caves is also very stable, which proves that the caves act as a kind of thermal insulator. These features are evidence of the engineering skills of ancient times. Although the stones and mud used for construction have been researched, no definite conclusion has been reached about its age. The Longyu Caves are a giant book of historical secrets. This great wonder, which even modern technology cannot explain, still stands as a reminder of the superhuman ability of man. These caves provide a new mystery for every question. Perhaps, we will have to wait for many more years to unravel these secrets.

Ghost Ship

 A 'Ghost Ship' that sank in Lake Michigan 140 years ago has been found. The ship, which sank after a storm, has been searched for decades, but has not been found.

Finally, after 140 years, a 'ghost ship' has been found.

The ship sank after a storm that blew up about a century and a half ago. It was a large, ner-class, pack ship named the FJ King.

Wisconsin Historical Society diver Zack Wittrock released images of the wreck of the FJ King.

The FJ King sank in September 1886 while transporting iron ore from Michigan to Chicago. The discovery of the ship was confirmed by the Wisconsin Historical Society and the Wisconsin Underwater Archaeology Association.  The Associated Press reported that a team led by researcher Brendan Baylod discovered the wreck in June.

For decades, several searches have been conducted in Lake Michigan to find the ship's remains. But the ship has never been found. The ship's location was delayed by the few existing reports of its sinking. One report said it sank about 5 miles from Bailey Harbor.

But a lighthouse keeper claimed that some fishermen had found the ship near his lighthouse. At first, the wreckage supported this claim. But the ship itself was still missing. This led to shipwreck hunters calling the FJ King a "ghost ship."

 F.J. King

The 144-foot-long, three-masted cargo ship, built in 1867, was caught in waves 8-10 feet high. The ship's wooden exterior was damaged in a strong storm.

After hours of trying to bail out the water, the crew escaped by boarding lifeboats. At 2 a.m., the ship suddenly sank. However, another schooner that passed by rescued all the crew.

FINALLY FINISHED

A team of researchers led by Brendan Baylod prepared some sketches based on the words of the lighthouse keeper. Using them, they scanned the area with the help of side-scan sonar. During the investigation, he found a 140-foot-long ship less than a kilometer from the lighthouse. The F.J. King was found during the subsequent investigation.  But what shocked diving experts was something else. The ship was still intact, despite being loaded with heavy cargo. Experts in the field say that there may be 6,000 to 10,000 more shipwrecks to be found in the Great Lakes.