Cutimbo

 Ancient Wonders of Peru: Cutimbo 

​Cutimbo is a historical treasure hidden in the Andes Mountains in the heart of Peru. 🏔 Located at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters above sea level, this place offers not only beautiful views, but also a deep history.

​What are these 'chulpas'?

​Chulpas are the strange stone towers seen here. They were built by ancient tribes such as the Lupaca and the Kola to preserve the remains of their leaders. In these towers, you can see carvings of animals such as puma and snakes. They were symbols of protecting the spirits. 🐆🐍

​The story of a funeral

​These towers were not accessible to ordinary people. Only the highest in society had a place in the chulpas. The body of the deceased was buried with his knees bent (fetal position). In addition, their clothes, food, and llamas were also offered.  ⚱

​In addition, 8,000-year-old paintings have been found in the caves of Cutimbo. These paintings depict human figures and llamas. The chulpás and cave paintings evoke the customs and beliefs of ancient Andean culture

Circadian AI app, developed by 14-year-old Siddharth Nandyala

 The “Circadian AI” app, developed by 14-year-old Siddharth Nandyala from Frisco, Texas, is gaining attention around the world. The app, which can detect heart abnormalities in just seven seconds, has been shown to be more than 96 percent accurate in tests. It was tested on about eighteen thousand five hundred patients in the US and India. The tests, which involved about fifteen thousand people in the US and about three thousand five hundred in India, were effective.

The way the app works is very simple. When a smartphone is held close to the heart and records the heart sound, the sound is cleaned using noise cancellation technology and then evaluated using AI models for heart symptoms. It is becoming a primary screening tool for doctors. While it does not replace traditional tests such as electrocardiogram (EKG) and echocardiogram, it is very helpful in detecting symptoms early and encouraging medical attention.

The app is currently only used by clinical professionals.  It is not yet available for public use, but experts see it as a potential that could bring about a big change in the future of healthcare.

Siddharth has already launched a startup called STEM-IT. Its goal is to make science, technology, engineering, and mathematics subjects more accessible and affordable for students. In addition, while continuing his computer science studies at UT Austin, he is also working on research into early detection of respiratory diseases.

Siddharth’s efforts to pave the way for innovation in the field of healthcare at such a young age demonstrate the strength and potential of teenagers.

Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge

The Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge in China is currently the longest bridge in the world. At 164.8 km long, this bridge is an extraordinary testament to human engineering prowess.

The bridge was completed in 2010 and opened to the public in 2011. It was built as part of China's Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed ​​Railway. Its main goal is to provide a transparent, safe, and stable infrastructure for high-speed train operations.

The Danyang–Kunshan Bridge runs mainly through the Yangtze Delta region. It was a major technical challenge as the bridge had to be built over a variety of natural terrains, including rice fields, rivers, lakes, forests, and swamps. The most famous part of the bridge, which is about 9 km long, is the section that crosses Yangcheng Lake.

 More than 10,000 workers worked on the construction. The construction work lasted for 4 years and is estimated to have cost 8.5 billion US dollars. The bridge is designed to withstand natural disasters such as earthquakes, storms, and floods.

This bridge is not just a means of transportation, but it has also been a great support for China's economic growth and development. The Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed ​​Railway is one of the busiest high-speed train routes in the world, so the importance of this bridge is immense. Thousands of people can travel quickly every day through it.

Even when compared to other famous bridges in the world, the Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge ranks first due to its length. Although the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway in Louisiana, the Tianjin Grand Bridge in China, and the Cangde Grand Bridge in China also make it to the list of the world's largest bridges, nothing else can compare to this great bridge, which is 165 kilometers long.

 In conclusion, the Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge is not only a transportation facility, but also a symbol of human determination and scientific progress. This bridge is a man-made miracle in the midst of natural disasters and geographical challenges. Therefore, it will forever remain in history as not only the largest bridge in the world, but also one of the engineering wonders of the 21st century.

Crooked Forest

 Forests are a gift of nature. Forests and views will attract any nature lover. There are diverse views on earth. The view in a forest near the small town of Grifino in Poland is astonishing. In the middle of a dense pine forest, only a few trees are crooked. The part of the trees that are crooked to the north in a special way is called the Crooked Forest. These trees are very similar to the letter J in English.

Grifino, a small town in West Pomerania, Poland, is also a famous tourist destination in northwestern Poland. If you ask why these trees are like this, there is no exact answer. The crooked forest consists of pine trees that have a 90-degree bend from the base. If the bends are avoided, the trees are healthy and grow up to 50 feet tall.

 The forest is estimated to have 400 trees, but the Forest Department says there are fewer than 100 crooked pines in a two-hectare area. The trees were planted between 1930 and 1945. They were between 7 and 10 years old when they were planted. There are several theories as to why the pines are crooked. One theory suggests that pines of different lengths were planted in the 1930s and then bent when German tanks ran over them during World War II. Others suggest that heavy snowfall, gravity, genetic modification, and aliens have altered the shape of the trees. There is also the argument that farmers deliberately bent the trees artificially to grow crooked wood for shipbuilding or furniture. The Crooked Forest is an unexplained phenomenon.

Homo habilis

 New research suggests that early human ancestors like Homo habilis were not predators but rather preyed on by leopards. The study, using artificial intelligence, has led scientists to this conclusion. The new study is rewriting the history of ancient human ancestors. Homo habilis is portrayed as the first human species to move from prey to predator and climb to the top of the food chain. But a new study challenges this belief. Homo habilis was actually eaten by leopards. The new study places Homo habilis more as prey than as predators. 

Researchers at the University of Alcalá in Spain used artificial intelligence and computer vision to analyze tiny tooth marks from two Homo habilis fossils.  The fossil remains were found in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, which is about 2 million years old. 

The researchers trained the AI ​​model on a library of 1,496 images of tooth marks from modern carnivores, including leopards, lions, crocodiles, wolves, and hyenas. After training on it, they presented the AI ​​with photos of the fossil tooth marks. 

The AI ​​compared these tooth marks and found that the AI ​​had a 90% chance of making them leopards. One reason for this is the triangular shape of the tooth pits on the bones, which matches those found in leopard reference samples. 

 The researchers wrote in their paper that """The implications of this are significant, as it suggests that Homo habilis was still a predator rather than a hunter."""It also suggests that the trophic position of some of the earliest representatives of the genus Homo was not different from that of other Australopithecines.""

The fact that leopards were bitten by carnivorous predators suggests that they were actively preyed upon. The rise to the top of the food chain may have occurred sometime later in human evolution. 

The study was published in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. ( Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ).

Mawlinong- The cleanest place in Asia

Mawlinong is an Indian village that has been awarded the title of the cleanest place in Asia. The village is reminiscent of European villages or the most scenic places in the world. This village in the Indian state of Meghalaya is a response to those who mock Indians in terms of environmental cleanliness and is a model for other Indian states. A completely plastic-free village. A place with a 100% educational standard. 

The people living in this village keep not only their own homes and surroundings clean, but also the outskirts, the streets, the roads and every space in the village.

A survey conducted by the Discovery Channel selected Mawlinong as the cleanest village in Asia in 2003.

Mawlinong also made headlines in 2005 when it was selected as the cleanest village in India.  The villagers of the area are not ready to compromise on cleanliness and environmental hygiene. They have arranged eco-friendly waste bins in every part of the village.

Bamboo bins are placed everywhere to avoid harming the nature. Wooden and bamboo utensils are used in the houses.

Plastic is completely banned in this country.

This village is also at the forefront in terms of literacy. 

The literacy rate here is 100 percent.

Mawlinong is also very ahead in women's empowerment.

Another interesting sight here is the bridges that are made of tree roots. 

These villagers use the roots of a tree known as Figus elastica as bridges for travel.

The freshwater lakes that can be seen all the way to the bottom are very attractive and are a favorite destination for tourists.  Blessed with natural beauty and a people who care for the area without compromise, tour companies have realized the tourism potential of Mawlynnong and have prepared various types of packages for tourists. Every year, the number of people coming to enjoy this rural beauty is increasing significantly.

Evolution of the Coca-Cola Bottle

 The Evolution of the Coca-Cola Bottle

Since Coca-Cola began bottling in 1899, its design has come a long way:

The first bottles were plain, straight, and resembled medicine bottles that were easy for competitors to copy.

A 1915 design competition inspired the shape of a cocoa bean, resulting in the now iconic "contour" bottle. Its curves made it instantly recognizable, even in the dark, even by touch.

By 1916, the curved bottle had been adopted across the U.S., and with only minor updates over time, its silhouette remains one of the most recognizable in the world today.

An everyday object became a design icon.